Poker math

How to Count Outs in PokerStart here

Learn how to count poker outs on the flop and turn, separate clean from dirty outs, and use pot odds to make better decisions.

The Rule of 2 and 4 in Poker: Turning Outs Into a Quick Chance to Hit

Learn the poker rule of 2 and 4, turn outs into a quick hit chance from the flop and turn, and see where the shortcut is accurate or wrong.

Pot Odds in Poker: How to Calculate the Price of a Call

Learn poker pot odds, how to calculate the price of a call as a ratio and as a percentage, and how to compare it with your equity to decide whether to call or fold.

Equity in Poker: Your Share of the Pot Against One Hand or a Range

Learn poker equity against one hand and against a range, how it changes from flop to river, and how to estimate it fast at the table.

Implied Odds and Reverse Implied Odds

Learn implied odds and reverse implied odds in poker, how to value speculative calls, why some draws and set mines need deep stacks, and when future losses make a hand unprofitable.

Expected Value in Poker: How to Calculate EV and Make Better Decisions

Learn poker EV, pot odds, bluff EV, and why good decisions can lose while bad ones win. Compute expected value and judge hands the right way.

The poker probabilities you actually use

Learn the poker probabilities you actually use in Texas Hold'em: pocket pairs, aces, sets, two pair, flush draws, and draw completion by the river.

Poker combinatorics: how to count combos and read card removal

Learn how to count poker combos, understand card removal and blockers, and use combinatorics to make better value, bluff, and call decisions.

Think in Ranges, Not in Hands

Learn what a poker range is, how to read a 13x13 starting-hand grid, and how to narrow an opponent's range preflop, on the flop, turn, and river.

Fold equity in poker: how to know when your bet wins on the fold

Learn fold equity in poker, how to calculate it, and when a bluff, semi-bluff, or shove becomes profitable.

Minimum Defense Frequency (MDF) and Alpha: How Often You Must Defend

Learn MDF, alpha, and bluff break-even frequencies in poker. See the formulas, examples, and why real opponents often deviate from theory.

Bluff-to-Value Ratio in Poker: How Many Bluffs for How Many Value Bets?

Learn the river bluff-to-value ratio, how bet size changes it, why flop and turn are different, and when to exploit real players.

All-in EV: separating luck from decisions

What all-in EV means in poker, how adjusted EV is calculated, and how to read the gap between your results and your all-in EV line.